Last Updated: August 22 2026
What counts as a “reasonable excuse” to give late notice to a municipality for an injury under section 44(10) of the Municipal Act, 2001 in Ontario?
In Ontario, Azzeh v. Legendre, 2017 ONCA 385 holds that not knowing about the notice requirement alone does not count as a “reasonable excuse” under section 44(10) of the Municipal Act, 2001, but courts look at all circumstances together, such as whether you could form the intention to sue within the notice period, the reason and length of the delay, and whether a representative was responsible for retaining a lawyer and pursuing the claim; if you missed the ten-day deadline, a lawyer & paralegal team at Olson Craig Legal can review your timeline and supporting facts to assess whether a reasonable excuse may apply and what your next steps should be in Ontario, call (226) 886-2001 for guidance.
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Judicial Analysis: Azzeh v. Legendre
The Azzeh v. Legendre, 2017 ONCA 385, confirms that the "reasonable excuse" exception for failing to provide notice of an injury to a municipality within the ten-day notice requirement stipulated in section 44(10) of the Municipal Act, 2001, S.O. 2001, Chapter 25, by itself, excludes failure to provide notice due to a lack of knowledge of the notice requirement. On this issue, it was specifically stated:
Note: Please contact Olson Craig Legal by phone at: (226) 886-2001 to discuss any specific questions that you may have.
[43] In determining what constitutes a reasonable excuse, the words should be given their plain and ordinary meaning, and the court should consider all of the circumstances: see Crinson, at paras. 20-23; and Seif, at paras. 26, 47. Those circumstances would include, among other things, whether the plaintiff was capable of forming the intention to sue the municipality within the notice period under s. 44(10), or had a representative whose responsibility it was to retain a lawyer and pursue all claims; the length of the delay before notice was given; and any explanation of the reason for the delay. Lack of awareness of the notice requirement, standing alone, does not constitute a reasonable excuse, but when considered in combination with other extenuating circumstances, a court may conclude a reasonable excuse exists: see Crinson, at para. 38; and Seif, at para. 29 (per Hoy A.C.J.O., partly in dissent but not on this point).
This case underscores that ignorance of the law, meaning lack of awareness of the ten-day notice requirement, fails to qualify as a "reasonable excuse" for failing to provide the ten-day notice of an injury to a municipality. As what constitutes as a "reasonable excuse" requires careful review, a person seeking to bring a claim against a municipality, without having met the ten-day notice requirement, should carefully review the "reasonable excuse" exception prior to commencing the litigation.
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